Organic Chemistry Laboratory: Properties of solvents, acids, bases, salts.

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Properties of some common solvents.

solvent formula bp (deg. C) density (g/mL) hazards
acetone (CH3)2C=O 56 0.8 flammable
chloroform CHCl3 61 1.5 toxic
diethyl ether (CH3CH2)20 35 0.7 highly flammable
ethanol (95%) CH3CH2OH 78 0.8 flammable
ethyl acetate CH3CO2CH2CH3 77 0.9 flammable
hexanes C6H14 67-69 0.7 flammable
isopropanol CH3CHOHCH3 82 0.8 flammable
methanol CH3OH 65 0.8 flammable, toxic
methylene chloride CH2Cl2 41 1.3 toxic
toluene C6H5CH3 111 0.9 flammable
water H2O 100 1.0 -

Properties of some common acids and bases.

compound formula MW of pure compound normality density (g/mL)
acetic acid, conc., 99.8% CH3CO2H 60.05 17.4 1.05
sulfuric acid, conc., 96% H2SO4 98.08 36 1.84
phosphoric acid, conc., 85% H3PO4 98.00 14.7 1.69
nitric acid, conc., 70% HNO3 63.02 17 1.42
hydrochloric acid, conc., 37% HCl 36.47 12 1.19
ammonium hydroxide, conc., 29% NH4OH 35.05 14.8 0.90

Some properties of salts/salt solutions used in organic chemistry.

name formula MW solubility miscellaneous
sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 84.00 1 part in 10 parts water at 25° pH of 0.1 M aq. solution = 8.3; density is about 1
sodium carbonate Na2CO3 106.00 1 part in 3.5 parts water at 25° Density is about 1
sodium chloride NaCl 58.45 1 gram dissolves in 2.8 mL of water at 25° Density of saturated solution = 1.202